Page 41 - Muzaffargarh Gazzetteer

7. The land owners who surrendered their excess holdings were allowed
compensation @ Rs. 8/- per produce index unit in the form of bonds
redeemable after 25 years with interest. In certain cases, in which the
amount involved was not sizable, the compensation was paid in cash.

8. Orchards and pedigree livestock farms were out of the scope of the Land
Reforms and the owners were allowed to retain them after making necessary
declaration.
9. The surrendered lands, which were not held by tenants, were disposed of
by the Land Commission primarily through auction of otherwise.
10. All jagirs were confiscated without compensation.
11. All occupancy tenants were declared as owners.
12. Adna-Maliks (inferior owners) were declared full owners without making
any payment to the Ala-Maliks (superior owners).
13. The Ala-Malikiat rights (superior ownership rights) were abolished.
14. Ala-Khud-Adna (superior-cum-inferior) ownership rights were converted
into full proprietary rights like Adna-Malikiat rights.

The effect of the Land Reforms may be summarized as under:

No. of landlords Area surrendered Area given by Area disposed of
affected by land by the landlords tenants otherwise
reforms

14 41,693 acres 5,693 acres 18,545 acres

Each village had by then become a conglomeration of different classes of
men, landlords, tenants, peasant proprietors etc. belonging to different tribal
groups. The land tenure system could be grouped into the following
categories:

Zamindari Tenure
In all old villages some type of land landlordism existed. In other except in
Raiyatwari chaks they predominated. These villages were owned by one
proprietor or one family, the shares in later case being undivided. Such
villages were classified as Zamindari Villages. In other words, Zamindari
tenure was compatible with large landed estates owned by one or few
landlords due to undivided ownerships or land being jointly held. Most of the
Thal villages fell within this category. Wherever the land was owned by an
individual or a family, the cultivation was being carried out with the help of
the tenants. Thus the village population consisted largely of tenants who
cultivated the land as tenants-at-will. In theory, this tenure had become

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