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16. CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES eLearn.Punjab
Fig. 16.7 Flow sheet diagram for extraction of copper
Test yourself 16.1 i. Define concentration process used in metallurgy of copper.
ii. Why a small amount of coke is required in the smelting process? How is slag
formed during smelting.
iii. Why is lime added in the smelting process?
iv. How are slag and matte removed from the blast furnace?
v. What is difference between slag and matte?
vi. Mention the chemical reactions for the formation of metallic copper in the
bessemerization process.
vii. What is blister copper?
viii. Why anode is eaten up in electrorefining process?
iv. What do you mean by anode mud?
16.2 MANUFACTURE OF SODIUM CARBONATE BY SOLVAY’S
PROCESS
Principle of Solvay’s process lies in the low solubility of sodium bicarbonate at low temperature i.e.
at 15°C. When CO2 is passed through an ammonical solution of NaCl called ammonical brine only
NaHCO3(s) precipitates.
16.2.1 Raw Materials
The raw materials needed for this process are cheap and easily available. They are in abundance,
such as,
(i) Sodium chloride (NaCl) or brine.
(ii) Limestone (CaCO3). 9
(iii) Ammonia gas (NH3).
