Biology 12
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16.1 Support in Plants
16.1 Support in Plants
16.1.1 Parenchyma Cells
16.1.2 Sclerenchyma Cells
16.1.3 Collenchyma Cells
16.1.4 Significance of Secondary Growth
16.2 Movements in Plants
16.2 Movements in Plants
16.2.1 Types of Movements
16.2.2 Role of Plant Growth Substances in Plant Movement
16.3 Support and Movements in Animals
16.3 Support and Movements in Animals
16.3.1 Hydrostatic Skeleton
16.3.2 Exoskeleton
16.3.1 Endoskeleton
16.4 Human Skeleton
16.4 Human Skeleton
16.4.1 Axial Skeleton
16.4.2 Appendicular Skeleton
16.4.3 Joints
16.5 Deformities of Skeleton
16.5 Deformities of Skeleton
16.5.1 Genetic Causes
16.5.2 Hormonal Causes
16.5.3 Nutritional Causes
16.5.4 Rickets
16.5.4 Disc-Slip
16.5.5 Spondylosis
16.5.6 Sciatica
16.5.7 Arthritis
16.5.8 Repair of Broken Bones
16.6 Muscles
16.6 Muscles
16.6.1 Smooth Muscles
16.6.2 Cardiac Muscles
16.6.3 Skeletal Muscles
16.6.4 Controlling the Actin - Myosin Interaction By Ca
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ions
16.6.5 Energy for Muscle Contraction
16.6.6 Muscle Fatigue
16.6.7 Tetany
16.6.8 Cramp
16.6.9 Arrangement of Skeletal Muscles for Movement of Skeleton
16.6.10 Movement of Bones
16.7 Locomotion in Proctoctists and Invertebrates
16.7 Locomotion in Proctoctists and Invertebrates
16.7.1 Locomotion in Euglena
16.7.2 Locomotion in Paramecium
16.7.3 Locomotion in Amoeba
16.7.4 Locomotion in Jelly Fish
16.7.5 Locomotion in Earthworm
16.7.6 Locomotion in Cockroach
16.7.7 Locomotion in Snail
16.7.8 Locomotion in Star Fish
16.8 Locomotion and Skeleton in Vertebrates
16.8 Locomotion and Skeleton in Vertebrates
16.8.1 Swimming in Fishes
16.8.2 Locomotion in Amphibian
16.8.3 Locomotion in Reptiles
16.8.4 Locomotion in Air
16.8.5 Locomotion in Mammals
16.8.6 Evloutionary changes in the arrangement of bones and related mode of locomotion in major groups of vertebrates
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