Chemistry 11

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4.1 Intermolecular Forces 4.1.1 Dipole-dipole Forces 4.1.2 Dipole-induced Dipole Forces 4.1.3 Instantaneous Dipole-Induce Dipole Forces or London Dispersion Forces 4.1.4 Factors Affecting the London Forces 4.1.5 Hydrogen Bonding 4.1.6 Properties and Application of Compunds Containing Hydrogen Bonding 4.1.6.1 Thermodynamic Properties of Covalent Hydrides 4.1.6.2 Solubility of Hydrogen- Bonded Molecules 4.1.6.3 Structure of Ice 4.1.6.4 Cleansing Action of Soaps a and Detergents 4.1.6.5 Hydrogen Bonding in Biological Componds and Food Materials 4.1.6.6 Hydrogen Bonding in Paints,Dyes and Textile Materials

4.2 Evaporation 4.2.1 Vapour Pressure 4.2.1.1 Vapour Pressure Increases with Temperature 4.2.2 Measurement of Vapour Pressure 4.2.3 Boiling Point 4.2.4 Boiling Point and External Pressure 4.2.5 Energetics of Phase Changes 4.2.6 Energy Changes and Intermolecular Attractions 4.2.7 Changes of State and Dynamic Equilibrium

4.3 Liquid Crystals 4.3.1 Uses of Liquid Crystals

4.4 Introduction 4.4.1 Types of Solids 4.4.2 Properties of Crystalline Solids 4.4.2.4 Anisotropy 4.4.2.5 Symmetry 4.4.2.7 Isomorphism 4.4.2.8 Polymorphism 4.4.2.9 Allotropy 4.4.2.10 Transition Temperature

4.5 Crystal Lattice 4.5.1 Unit Cell

4.7 Classification of Solids 4.7.1 Ionic Solids 4.7.1.1 Properties of Ionic Solids 4.7.1.2 Structure of Sodium Chloride 4.7.1.3 Lattice Energy 4.7.2 Covalent Solids 4.7.2.1 Properties of Covalent Crystals 4.7.2.2 Structure of Diamond 4.7.3 Molecular Solids 4.7.3.1 Properties of Molecular Solids 4.7.3.2 Structure of Solid Iodine 4.7.4 Metallic Solids 4.7.4.1 Properties of Metallic Crysltals 4.7.4.2 Structure of Metals