Biology Grade 12 

19.1 Growth and Development in Plants 19.1.1 Apical Meristems 19.1.2 Intercalary Meristems 19.1.3 Lateral Meristems 19.1.4 Types of Growth 19.1.5 Conditions of Growth 19.1.6 External Factors 19.1.7 Internal Factors 19.1.8 Differentiation 19.1.9 Growth Correlations

19.2 Growth and Development in Animals 19.2.1 Development of Chick 19.2.2 Fertilization and Incubation 19.2.3 Cleavage 19.2.4 Morulla 19.2.5 Blastulla 19.2.6 Gastrulation 19.2.7 Notochord and Mesoderm Formation 19.2.8 Neurulation 19.2.9 Mechanisms of Development 19.2.10 Role of Cytoplasm in Development 19.2.11 Role of Nucleus in Development 19.2.12 Concept of Differentiation 19.2.13 Embryonic Induction